The Epaulette Shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) is a small, slender species of carpet shark typically reaching under 1 meter (3.3 feet) in length, with a maximum recorded size of 107 cm (42.1 in). It has a light brown or cream-coloured body scattered with numerous small, dark spots and faint, indistinct saddle markings, especially in juveniles. As the shark matures, these saddles fade and are replaced by the characteristic spots.
One of its most distinctive features is the presence of two large black spots, each encircled by a white margin, positioned just above the pectoral fins. These spots resemble military epaulettes, which is how the shark gets its common name. Its body is notably slender, with a short, rounded snout and small nasal barbels linked to the mouth by an oronasal groove.
Distribution and Habitat of the Epaulette Shark.
The epaulette shark is primarily found in the Western Pacific, particularly around New Guinea and northern Australia. It may also inhabit regions such as Malaysia, Sumatra (Indonesia), and the Solomon Islands. This species is commonly associated with shallow coral reef environments and is often seen in tide pools.
Epaulette Shark Hunting.
The epaulette shark is an opportunistic bottom-feeder, preying on a variety of small marine animals found in reef flats and tidal pools. Its diet primarily consists of benthic crustaceans, polychaete worms, and small bony fish. Foraging behaviour includes pushing its snout into the sand and thrashing its body to uncover and capture food. It also uses suction feeding, drawing prey into its mouth by expanding a muscular buccal cavity.
The epaulette shark exhibits remarkable adaptations for life in complex reef and intertidal environments. As well as hunting on the reef they can leave the water entirely and crawl along the seafloor. Unlike other sharks, the epaulette’s paired fin skeletons are reduced and more flexible, allowing for greater rotation and limb-like movement. By using its muscular, paddle-like pectoral and pelvic fins and bending its body side to side, pressing off the substrate, it moves with a gait strikingly similar to that of salamanders. This ability to walk and ability to survive in low-oxygen environments allows the shark to access areas such as tidal pools, at times they are out of reach from competitors. This access to out of reach feeding grounds gives them a competitive edge and is fascinating behaviour.
Predators.
Despite its adaptations, the epaulette shark is not without threats. It is preyed upon by larger fish, including sharks and groupers, which share the same reef ecosystems.
Keeping Epaulette Sharks Healthy:
Epaulette sharks are relatively hardy and adaptable, making them suitable for intermediate-level aquarists. Maintaining stable water parameters—temperature between 75°F to 82°F (24°C to 28°C) and pH levels around 8.1 to 8.4—is crucial. Regular water changes and adequate filtration are necessary to ensure optimal health.
Special Requirements and Feeding:
Epaulette sharks possess electroreceptors known as the ampullae of Lorenzini, allowing them to detect electrical signals produced by prey. These specialized organs aid in hunting by detecting subtle movements and electrical impulses of potential prey hidden in the sand or rocky crevices. Their diet typically consists of small fish, worms, crustaceans, and mollusks.
How Many Should I Keep?
When housing Epaulette sharks in captivity, it’s essential to consider tank size and compatibility. A single bamboo shark typically requires a tank of at least 180 gallons (680 litres) to thrive. It’s advisable to keep them individually to prevent aggression.
Lighting Preference.
Epaulette sharks don’t have specific lighting requirements. However, providing a natural day-night cycle with a moderate lighting setup can be beneficial for their overall well-being.
Suitable Tank Mates.
Tank mates that won’t be seen as prey, such as larger fish, can cohabit with Epaulette sharks. Avoid housing them with species that may harass or outcompete them for food. call us for advice.
Sexual Dimorphism.
Males and females look alike. Males can be identified by the possession of claspers.
Reproduction.
In the wild, Epaulette sharks reproduce via oviparity, laying eggs rather than giving live birth. Females deposit elongated egg cases, known as mermaid’s purses or egg capsules, onto the ocean floor. These egg cases have tendrils that anchor them to rocks or vegetation, providing protection for the developing embryos.
Summary.
The Epaulette Shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) is a small, slender carpet shark known for its light brown, spot-covered body and distinctive large black spots above its pectoral fins, resembling military epaulettes. Found mainly around New Guinea and northern Australia, it thrives in shallow coral reefs and tidal pools. This shark is an opportunistic bottom-feeder, using suction feeding and its flexible, paddle-like fins to hunt prey and even “walk” across the seafloor, giving it access to areas few predators can reach. Although adaptable and hardy, it still faces threats from larger fish like groupers and sharks. In captivity, epaulette sharks require stable water conditions, ample tank space, and compatible tank mates. Males can be identified by their claspers, and in the wild, females lay eggs encased in protective “mermaid’s purses” anchored to the reef.
Dry Goods Delivery.
The store has provided information regarding their order dispatch and estimated delivery times. Here are the key details:
- Dispatch Timeframe: Orders placed before 2pm will be dispatched on the same day. Orders placed after 2pm will be dispatched on the next working day.
- Delivery Date and Time Guarantee: While the store aims to dispatch orders promptly, they cannot guarantee a specific delivery date and time. As the delivery process relies on couriers, there may be factors beyond their control that could affect the delivery timeframe.
- 1st Class Mail: For orders sent via 1st Class mail, the aim is to have them delivered on the next working day after dispatch.
- 2nd Class Mail: Orders sent via 2nd Class mail typically take approximately 2-3 working days for delivery after dispatch.
- APC Next Day Delivery: APC Next Day delivery is available for UK mainland postcodes. It is usually delivered on the next working day after dispatch. However, please note that items being delivered to more remote areas may require additional time for delivery.
It’s important to keep in mind that while the store strives to provide efficient delivery services, unforeseen circumstances or external factors could potentially impact delivery times. For further details or specific inquiries about delivery, customers should refer to the store’s terms and conditions or contact the store directly.
Livestock Delivery.
The store maintains specific policies regarding the delivery of livestock. Here are the key points:
- Licensed Livestock Courier: The store exclusively uses a licensed livestock courier for shipping fish and coral. This approach is chosen to ensure responsible and ethical transportation of the livestock.
- Livestock Shipping Fee: The livestock shipping fee charged to customers of £19.99 does not cover the true cost, and therefore, there is a minimum spend requirement of £30.00 before the option for livestock shipping becomes available.
- Pre-Arranged Delivery: The store never ships livestock without first arranging a suitable delivery day. Before dispatching the livestock, the store must confirm the agreed-upon delivery day with the customer.
- Saturday Delivery Confirmation: Customers who choose Saturday delivery must have their availability confirmed for the upcoming Saturday before the store sends out the livestock. This confirmation ensures that the livestock can be received promptly.
- Failure to wait for livestock: Not waiting for livestock, even if there is a reasonable delay, or cancelling an order after it has been dispatched will lead to you incurring charges for an emergency return to the base. Additionally, any losses of livestock will also be charged to you. Please be aware that the items you are ordering are living creatures – livestock. We kindly ask that you refrain from ordering livestock if you are unable to accommodate the possibility of a delayed delivery.
These terms and conditions are a fundamental aspect of our policy. Our primary goal is to dissuade individuals who could react negatively to a delayed delivery and subsequently request order cancellations. It is of utmost importance to underscore that your order pertains to living creatures, not mere inanimate objects. In the event of an occasional delay, it is crucial that you respond in a rational and responsible manner, taking into account the welfare of the livestock. We kindly request that you refrain from placing an order for livestock if you tend to react strongly to such situations. By proceeding with the order of livestock, you indicate your acceptance and agreement to abide by these specified terms and conditions.
- Signature Requirement: Livestock deliveries require a signature upon receipt and cannot be left in a safe location. This precaution ensures proper handling and the well-being of the livestock.
- Geographic Restrictions: The courier has strict geographic restrictions for livestock deliveries. Unfortunately, deliveries to Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Isle of Man, Isles of Scilly, Channel Islands, and certain Scottish offshore postcodes may not be possible. Customers are encouraged to contact the store via email to confirm if livestock delivery is available in their area.
- Minimum Order Value and Order Cancellations: The store has a minimum order value of £30 for livestock shipping. Additionally, the store reserves the right to cancel orders that are deemed high-risk or involve a high number of single tropical freshwater fish species.
It is essential for customers to familiarize themselves with these policies before making a purchase. For more detailed information or specific inquiries, customers should consult the store’s terms and conditions or reach out to the store directly for clarification.
Livestock Geographical Exemptions.
The store has specific geographical exemptions for livestock deliveries. Here is a list of the areas and postcodes where livestock delivery is not available:
- Islands: Livestock cannot be delivered to the Shetlands, Channel Islands, and Isle of Man.
- Postcodes: Livestock delivery is not available to the following postcodes:
- AB30 to AB39, AB41 to AB45, AB51 to AB56
- DD8 to DD10
- BT all
- DG3 to DG9, DG12 to DG14
- KA18 to KA19, KA26, KA29 to KA30
- HS all
- IM all
- JE all
- ZE all
- KW15 to KW17
- TD9
- FK17 to FK21
- GY all
- KA26, to KA28
- PA20 to PA38, PA41 to PA49, PA60 to PA61, PA76 to PA78
- TR21, to TR25
- PH3 to PH26, PH30 to PH44
- IV all
Customers residing in these areas should be aware that livestock delivery is not available to their location.
We can ship livestock to the Isle of Wight, this area is subject to a surcharge.
For further information or specific inquiries about livestock delivery to a particular area, customers are advised to contact the store directly for clarification.
Cancellation.
According to the store’s policy, customers have the right to cancel an order within 14 working days of receiving the goods. To initiate the cancellation, the goods must be returned to the store in new and unused condition, adhering to their Returns Policy.
Important points regarding the return process are as follows:
- Return Condition: The goods must be returned in new and unused condition, as originally received. It is important to ensure that the goods are in the same condition as when they were sent out.
- Return Timeframe: The goods must be received by the store within 21 days of notifying them about the cancellation. During this time, customers are responsible for any loss or damage that may occur during the return shipping process.
- Refund Process: Once the store receives the goods in new and unused condition, they will initiate the refund process. The purchase price will be refunded to the customer.
- Return Condition Inspection: If the returned goods arrive in a condition that is less than what they were sent out in, the store reserves the right to return the goods to the customer, and no refund will be processed.
It is essential for customers to carefully review the store’s Returns Policy and follow the specified procedures to ensure a smooth and successful return and refund process. For more detailed information or specific inquiries, customers should consult the store’s terms and conditions or contact the store directly.
Returns.
According to the store’s return policy, the following guidelines should be followed for returning goods:
- Use Returns Form: Customers need to use the store’s provided returns form to initiate the return process. This form helps the store acknowledge that the goods are being sent back.
- Return for Testing: If the goods are being returned for testing, the customer is responsible for covering the return shipping expenses.
- Refund of Postage Fees: The store will only refund postage fees if the order arrives damaged or becomes faulty within the first 4 weeks of purchase. Proof of posting is important, and customers should ensure the goods are well-packed and obtain proof of posting as the goods remain their responsibility until received by the store.
- Refund of Postage Costs for Replacement: If goods are being returned within 7 days of purchase under the Replacement Policy, the store can refund postage costs. However, the customer needs to agree on a delivery service with the store in advance, and only standard or tracked shipping fees will be refunded. The store cannot refund the cost of any special delivery service.
- Non-Refundable Postage: Postage costs for goods returned for any other reason than those mentioned above are non-refundable. The store reserves the right to deduct the original postage cost from any applicable refund.
- Mistaken Purchases: If a customer has made a mistake in their purchase, they need to return the goods to the store. The customer is responsible for the return shipping costs in such cases.
It is important for customers to carefully follow the store’s return procedures and terms and conditions. For further details or specific inquiries, customers should refer to the store’s website or contact the store directly.
Replacements
If customers receive faulty goods, the following guidelines apply according to the store’s policy:
- Notification of Faulty Goods: Customers must notify the store within 7 working days if they receive faulty goods. This notification should be made as soon as possible.
- Replacement Parts: If possible, the store will dispatch replacement parts for the faulty goods.
- Return of Goods: If replacement parts are not possible, the store may request customers to return the faulty goods in accordance with their Returns Policy. The specific return procedures and conditions should be followed.
- Verification of Damage: Once the store receives the returned goods, they will verify the damage. If the damage is confirmed, the store will supply the required replacements.
- Return Postage Costs: If the goods returned to the store are found to be in good working order, the store is not able to refund the return postage costs. Additionally, the store reserves the right to deduct their original postage cost from any applicable refund.
- Consequential Loss or Damage: The store cannot take responsibility for any consequential loss or damage that arises directly or indirectly from the goods supplied.
Customers should carefully review and adhere to the store’s Returns Policy and procedures for returning faulty goods. For further clarification or specific inquiries, customers should consult the store’s terms and conditions or contact the store directly.
Manufacturer’s Guarantees
The store works in collaboration with manufacturers to ensure that their guarantees are honored, and they make their best efforts to resolve issues within the warranty period. The following guidelines apply to refunds and replacements:
- Postage Costs under Manufacturer’s Guarantee: Postage costs can only be refunded if the goods are returned to the store within 7 days of the original purchase, as per the manufacturer’s guarantee.
- Refund of Postage Costs for Faulty Goods: The store will refund postage costs for guarantee/warranty returns only if the product becomes faulty within the first 4 weeks of receipt.
- Replacements with Manufacturer Authorization: Replacements, whether parts or goods, can only be offered when authorized by the manufacturer. Customers should contact the store for further guidance in such cases.
- Prior Approval for Returns: Goods should not be returned to the store without prior approval. Customers need to contact the store and obtain approval before returning any items.
- Replacement of Glass or Ceramic Items: Glass or ceramic items can only be replaced if the store is notified within 48 hours of receiving the delivery.
- Replacement of Glass Bulbs/Tubes: Glass bulbs or tubes can only be replaced if they become faulty within 14 days.
Customers should note and adhere to these guidelines to ensure a smooth and efficient resolution of any issues with their purchased items. For specific inquiries or further information, customers are advised to refer to the store’s terms and conditions or contact the store directly.
Breakages
According to the store’s policy, customers have the following responsibilities regarding breakages:
- Checking Goods on Arrival: It is the customer’s responsibility to thoroughly check the goods upon arrival for any damage. This should be done before signing for the parcel. If the parcel appears damaged, it is advised not to sign for it.
- Reporting Breakages: Any breakages or damages must be reported to the store within 48 hours of receiving the goods. It is important to promptly notify the store to initiate the resolution process.
By carefully inspecting the goods upon arrival and reporting any breakages within the specified timeframe, customers can ensure that appropriate actions are taken to address the issue. For specific instructions on reporting breakages or further information, customers should refer to the store’s terms and conditions or contact the store directly.
Ben Bryant (verified owner) –
Arrived safely, quickly from being dispatched from the shop. Both enjoying there new life with another epaulette shark well happy!!